English A1 Grammar & Vocabulary #123: Singular and plural nouns

[Tutor]

English A1 Grammar & Vocabulary #123: Singular and plural nouns

Target language: English
Level: A1
Lesson type: Grammar and Vocabulary Lesson
Lesson number: #123

Available explanations:
- Turkish by @Tutor TR
- Arabic by @Tutor AR
- Russian by @Tutor RU
- Spanish by @Tutor ES
- German by @Tutor DE
- French by @Tutor FR
- Italian by @Tutor IT

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Lesson overview: Today we learn singular and plural nouns with -s. Singular means one. Plural means more than one. Many A1 nouns make the plural by adding -s.

Review from previous lessons: We already know a / an for one noun, and we can use have got / has got to talk about possession. Today we build on that and look at one cat / two cats, one dog / three dogs.

5 words:
1) cat — reading: kat — meaning: one animal
2) cats — reading: kats — meaning: more than one animal
3) dog — reading: dog — meaning: one animal
4) dogs — reading: dogz — meaning: more than one animal
5) chair — reading: cheer — meaning: one seat

Usage note: Add -s to many nouns when there is more than one.

5 sentences:
1) I have one cat. — reading: ay hav wun kat.
2) We have two cats. — reading: wee hav too kats.
3) She has one dog. — reading: shee haz wun dog.
4) They have three dogs. — reading: they hav three dogz.
5) There are four chairs. — reading: thair ar for cheerz.

Usage notes:
- Use one + singular noun.
- Use two, three, four + plural noun.
- Many plural nouns just add -s.
- Pronunciation note: cats sounds like kats, dogs sounds like dogz, chairs sounds like cheerz.

Mini practice:
1) Change cat to plural.
2) Change dog to plural.
3) Choose the correct word: one chair / chairs.
4) Choose the correct word: three cat / cats.
5) Complete: We have two ____.

Answer key:
1) cats
2) dogs
3) chair
4) cats
5) dogs

Reply instruction: Write your practice answers in a forum reply. If you want, add one extra sentence with one singular noun and one plural noun.

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Reply format: Start your reply with your explanation language code, e.g. [TR], [EN], [AR], [RU], [ES], [DE], [FR], [IT].

 

[Tutor TR]

Turkish Explanation

Okunuş / telaffuz rehberi
Aşağıdaki okunuşlar yaklaşık verilmiştir; amaç hedef dildeki kelime ve cümleleri yeni başlayanların okuyabilmesini sağlamaktır.

Kelime okunuşları
1. cat — Yaklaşık okunuşu: kat — Anlamı: bir hayvan
2. cats — Yaklaşık okunuşu: kats — Anlamı: birden fazla hayvan
3. dog — Yaklaşık okunuşu: dog — Anlamı: bir hayvan
4. dogs — Yaklaşık okunuşu: dogz — Anlamı: birden fazla hayvan
5. chair — Yaklaşık okunuşu: cheer — Anlamı: bir sandalye

Cümle okunuşları
1. I have one cat.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: ay hav wun kat.
- Anlamı: Bir kedim var.
2. We have two cats.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: wee hav too kats.
- Anlamı: İki kedimiz var.
3. She has one dog.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: shee haz wun dog.
- Anlamı: Onun bir köpeği var.
4. They have three dogs.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: they hav three dogz.
- Anlamı: Onların üç köpeği var.
5. There are four chairs.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: thair ar for cheerz.
- Anlamı: Dört sandalye var.

Ders özeti: Bugün İngilizcede tekil ve çoğul isimleri öğreniyoruz. Singular = bir tane, plural = birden fazla. Birçok A1 kelimede çoğul yapmak için sonuna -s eklenir.

Kelime kelime açıklama:
- cat (kat) = bir hayvan
- cats (kats) = birden fazla hayvan
- dog (dog) = bir hayvan
- dogs (dogz) = birden fazla hayvan
- chair (çeer) = bir sandalye / oturma yeri

Telaffuz notu: Bu okumalar yaklaşık okunuştur. cat = kat, cats = kats, dog = dog, dogs = dogz, chair = çeer.

Cümle cümle açıklama:
1) I have one cat. (ay hav wun kat.) = Bir kedim var. Burada one + tekil isim kullanılır.
2) We have two cats. (wi hav tuu kats.) = İki kedimiz var. Burada two + çoğul isim kullanılır.
3) She has one dog. (şi haz wun dog.) = Onun bir köpeği var. has, üçüncü tekil kişiyle kullanılır.
4) They have three dogs. (they hav thri dogz.) = Onların üç köpeği var. three ile çoğul isim gerekir.
5) There are four chairs. (dher ar for çeerz.) = Dört sandalye var. there are ile çoğul isim kullanılır.

Doğal kullanım notları:
- Tek sayı varsa genelde tekil isim kullanılır: one cat.
- 2, 3, 4 gibi sayılardan sonra genelde çoğul isim gelir: two cats.
- Çoğu isimde çoğul için sadece -s eklenir.
- Telaffuzda cats = kats, dogs = dogz, chairs = çeerz.

Yaygın hata notları:
- one cats yanlış; doğrusu one cat.
- two dog yanlış; doğrusu two dogs.
- chairs yanlış yazım; doğru şekil chairs.

Mini alıştırma:
1) cat kelimesini çoğul yapın.
2) dog kelimesini çoğul yapın.
3) Doğru kelimeyi seçin: one chair / chairs.
4) Doğru kelimeyi seçin: three cat / cats.
5) Cümleyi tamamlayın: We have two ____.

Cevapları forum yanıtında yazın. İsterseniz bir tane de kendi cümlenizi ekleyin: bir tekil isim ve bir çoğul isim kullanın.

Reply tip: start your answer with [TR].

 

[Tutor AR]

Arabic Explanation​

دليل القراءة / النطق
القراءات التالية تقريبية لمساعدة المبتدئين على نطق كلمات وجمل اللغة الهدف.

قراءة الكلمات
1. cat — النطق التقريبي: kat — المعنى: حيوان واحد
2. cats — النطق التقريبي: kats — المعنى: حيوانات كثيرة
3. dog — النطق التقريبي: dog — المعنى: حيوان واحد
4. dogs — النطق التقريبي: dogz — المعنى: حيوانات كثيرة
5. chair — النطق التقريبي: cheer — المعنى: كرسي واحد

قراءة الجمل
1. I have one cat.
- النطق التقريبي: ay hav wun kat.
- المعنى: لدي قطة واحدة.
2. We have two cats.
- النطق التقريبي: wee hav too kats.
- المعنى: لدينا قطتان.
3. She has one dog.
- النطق التقريبي: shee haz wun dog.
- المعنى: لديها كلب واحد.
4. They have three dogs.
- النطق التقريبي: they hav three dogz.
- المعنى: لديهم ثلاثة كلاب.
5. There are four chairs.
- النطق التقريبي: thair ar for cheerz.
- المعنى: هناك أربعة كراسٍ.

ملخص الدرس: اليوم نتعلم الاسم المفرد والجمع في الإنجليزية. singular يعني واحد، وplural يعني أكثر من واحد. كثير من الكلمات في مستوى A1 نكوّن جمعها بإضافة -s.

شرح كلمة كلمة:
- cat (كات) = حيوان واحد
- cats (كاتس) = أكثر من حيوان واحد
- dog (دوغ) = حيوان واحد
- dogs (دوغز) = أكثر من حيوان واحد
- chair (تشير) = كرسي واحد

ملاحظة النطق: هذه قراءة تقريبية. cat = كات، cats = كاتس، dog = دوغ، dogs = دوغز، chair = تشير.

شرح الجمل:
1) I have one cat. (آي هاف ون كات) = لدي قطة واحدة. نستخدم one مع الاسم المفرد.
2) We have two cats. (وي هاف تو كاتس) = لدينا قطتان. نستخدم two مع الاسم الجمع.
3) She has one dog. (شي هاز ون دوغ) = لديها كلب واحد. has تُستخدم مع she.
4) They have three dogs. (ذَي هاف ثري دوغز) = لديهم ثلاثة كلاب. بعد three نستخدم جمعًا.
5) There are four chairs. (ذير آر فور تشيرز) = هناك أربعة كراسٍ. نستخدم there are مع الجمع.

ملاحظات الاستخدام الطبيعي:
- إذا كان العدد 1، نستخدم الاسم المفرد: one cat.
- إذا كان العدد 2 أو 3 أو 4، نستخدم الاسم الجمع: two cats.
- في كثير من الأسماء نضيف فقط -s للجمع.
- النطق التقريبي: cats = كاتس، dogs = دوغز، chairs = تشيرز.

أخطاء شائعة:
- one cats خطأ، والصحيح one cat.
- two dog خطأ، والصحيح two dogs.
- كتابة chairs بشكل خاطئ خطأ، والصحيح chairs.

تمرين صغير:
1) حوّل cat إلى جمع.
2) حوّل dog إلى جمع.
3) اختر الكلمة الصحيحة: one chair / chairs.
4) اختر الكلمة الصحيحة: three cat / cats.
5) أكمل: We have two ____.

اكتب إجاباتك في ردّ المنتدى. وإذا أردت، أضف جملة من عندك فيها اسم مفرد واسم جمع.
​

Reply tip: start your answer with [AR].

 

[Tutor RU]

Russian Explanation

Чтение / произношение
Ниже даны приблизительные варианты чтения, чтобы новичкам было легче произносить слова и предложения изучаемого языка.

Чтение слов
1. cat — Примерное чтение: kat — Значение: одно животное
2. cats — Примерное чтение: kats — Значение: несколько животных
3. dog — Примерное чтение: dog — Значение: одно животное
4. dogs — Примерное чтение: dogz — Значение: несколько животных
5. chair — Примерное чтение: cheer — Значение: один стул

Чтение предложений
1. I have one cat.
- Примерное чтение: ay hav wun kat.
- Значение: У меня одна кошка.
2. We have two cats.
- Примерное чтение: wee hav too kats.
- Значение: У нас две кошки.
3. She has one dog.
- Примерное чтение: shee haz wun dog.
- Значение: У неё одна собака.
4. They have three dogs.
- Примерное чтение: they hav three dogz.
- Значение: У них три собаки.
5. There are four chairs.
- Примерное чтение: thair ar for cheerz.
- Значение: Есть четыре стула.

Краткий обзор урока: сегодня мы учим единственное и множественное число в английском. singular — это одно, plural — это больше одного. Во многих словах уровня A1 множественное число образуется добавлением -s.

Разбор слов:
- cat (кэт) = одно животное
- cats (кэтс) = несколько животных
- dog (дог) = одно животное
- dogs (догз) = несколько животных
- chair (чэр) = один стул

Примечание по произношению: это приблизительное чтение. cat = кэт, cats = кэтс, dog = дог, dogs = догз, chair = чэр.

Разбор предложений:
1) I have one cat. (ай хэв уан кэт) = У меня одна кошка. После one нужен единственный предмет/животное.
2) We have two cats. (уи хэв ту кэтс) = У нас две кошки. После two нужен plural.
3) She has one dog. (ши хэз уан дог) = У неё одна собака. has используется с she.
4) They have three dogs. (зэй хэв сри догз) = У них три собаки. После three нужен plural.
5) There are four chairs. (зэа ар фор чэрз) = Есть четыре стула. С there are используется множественное число.

Полезные заметки:
- Если число 1, обычно используем singular: one cat.
- Если число 2, 3, 4, обычно используем plural: two cats.
- Во многих словах просто добавляем -s.
- Произношение: cats = кэтс, dogs = догз, chairs = чэрз.

Частые ошибки:
- one cats — неправильно, нужно one cat.
- two dog — неправильно, нужно two dogs.
- chairs нужно писать с -s на конце.

Мини-практика:
1) Сделайте cat во множественном числе.
2) Сделайте dog во множественном числе.
3) Выберите правильное слово: one chair / chairs.
4) Выберите правильное слово: three cat / cats.
5) Дополните: We have two ____.

Напишите ответы в ответе форума. Если хотите, добавьте своё короткое предложение с одним существительным в единственном числе и одним во множественном.

Reply tip: start your answer with [RU].

 

[Tutor ES]

Spanish Explanation

Guía de lectura / pronunciación
Las lecturas son aproximadas y ayudan a principiantes a pronunciar las palabras y frases del idioma objetivo.

Lectura de palabras
1. cat — Lectura aproximada: kat — Significado: un animal
2. cats — Lectura aproximada: kats — Significado: más de un animal
3. dog — Lectura aproximada: dog — Significado: un animal
4. dogs — Lectura aproximada: dogz — Significado: más de un animal
5. chair — Lectura aproximada: cheer — Significado: una silla

Lectura de frases
1. I have one cat.
- Lectura aproximada: ay hav wun kat.
- Significado: Tengo un gato.
2. We have two cats.
- Lectura aproximada: wee hav too kats.
- Significado: Tenemos dos gatos.
3. She has one dog.
- Lectura aproximada: shee haz wun dog.
- Significado: Ella tiene un perro.
4. They have three dogs.
- Lectura aproximada: they hav three dogz.
- Significado: Ellos tienen tres perros.
5. There are four chairs.
- Lectura aproximada: thair ar for cheerz.
- Significado: Hay cuatro sillas.

Resumen de la lección: hoy aprendemos el singular y el plural en inglés. singular significa uno, y plural significa más de uno. En muchos sustantivos de nivel A1, el plural se forma añadiendo -s.

Explicación palabra por palabra:
- cat (kat) = un animal
- cats (kats) = más de un animal
- dog (dog) = un animal
- dogs (dogz) = más de un animal
- chair (cher) = un asiento / una silla

Nota de pronunciación: es una lectura aproximada. cat = kat, cats = kats, dog = dog, dogs = dogz, chair = cher.

Explicación oración por oración:
1) I have one cat. (ai jav uan kat) = Tengo un gato. Con one usamos singular.
2) We have two cats. (ui jav tu kats) = Tenemos dos gatos. Con two usamos plural.
3) She has one dog. (shi jas uan dog) = Ella tiene un perro. has se usa con she.
4) They have three dogs. (déi jav zri dogz) = Ellos tienen tres perros. Con three usamos plural.
5) There are four chairs. (der ar for chers) = Hay cuatro sillas. Con there are usamos plural.

Notas de uso natural:
- Si hay 1, usamos singular: one cat.
- Si hay 2, 3, 4, usamos plural: two cats.
- Muchos sustantivos solo añaden -s.
- Pronunciación aproximada: cats = kats, dogs = dogz, chairs = chers.

Errores comunes:
- one cats es incorrecto; lo correcto es one cat.
- two dog es incorrecto; lo correcto es two dogs.
- chairs debe llevar -s al final.

Mini práctica:
1) Cambia cat a plural.
2) Cambia dog a plural.
3) Elige la palabra correcta: one chair / chairs.
4) Elige la palabra correcta: three cat / cats.
5) Completa: We have two ____.

Escribe tus respuestas en un comentario del foro. Si quieres, añade una oración propia con un sustantivo singular y otro plural.

Reply tip: start your answer with [ES].

 

[Tutor DE]

German Explanation

Lese- / Aussprachehilfe
Die folgenden Lesungen sind ungefähr und sollen Anfängern helfen, die Wörter und Sätze der Zielsprache auszusprechen.

Wortlesungen
1. cat — Ungefähre Lesung: kat — Bedeutung: ein Tier
2. cats — Ungefähre Lesung: kats — Bedeutung: mehr als ein Tier
3. dog — Ungefähre Lesung: dog — Bedeutung: ein Tier
4. dogs — Ungefähre Lesung: dogz — Bedeutung: mehr als ein Tier
5. chair — Ungefähre Lesung: cheer — Bedeutung: ein Stuhl

Satzlesungen
1. I have one cat.
- Ungefähre Lesung: ay hav wun kat.
- Bedeutung: Ich habe eine Katze.
2. We have two cats.
- Ungefähre Lesung: wee hav too kats.
- Bedeutung: Wir haben zwei Katzen.
3. She has one dog.
- Ungefähre Lesung: shee haz wun dog.
- Bedeutung: Sie hat einen Hund.
4. They have three dogs.
- Ungefähre Lesung: they hav three dogz.
- Bedeutung: Sie haben drei Hunde.
5. There are four chairs.
- Ungefähre Lesung: thair ar for cheerz.
- Bedeutung: Es gibt vier Stühle.

Lektionsübersicht: Heute lernen wir Singular und Plural im Englischen. Singular bedeutet eins, Plural bedeutet mehr als eins. Viele A1-Wörter bilden den Plural mit -s.

Wort-für-Wort-Erklärung:
- cat (kät) = ein Tier
- cats (kätz) = mehr als ein Tier
- dog (dog) = ein Tier
- dogs (dogz) = mehr als ein Tier
- chair (tscheer) = ein Stuhl

Aussprachehinweis: Das ist eine ungefähre Aussprache. cat = kät, cats = kätz, dog = dog, dogs = dogz, chair = tscheer.

Satz-für-Satz-Erklärung:
1) I have one cat. (ai häv wan kät) = Ich habe eine Katze. Nach one steht ein Singular.
2) We have two cats. (wi häv tu kätz) = Wir haben zwei Katzen. Nach two steht ein Plural.
3) She has one dog. (schi häz wan dog) = Sie hat einen Hund. has passt zu she.
4) They have three dogs. (dhey häv sri dogz) = Sie haben drei Hunde. Nach three braucht man Plural.
5) There are four chairs. (där ar for tscheerz) = Es gibt vier Stühle. Mit there are benutzt man den Plural.

Natürliche Gebrauchshinweise:
- Bei 1 benutzt man meistens Singular: one cat.
- Bei 2, 3, 4 benutzt man meistens Plural: two cats.
- Viele Nomen bekommen einfach ein -s.
- Aussprache: cats = kätz, dogs = dogz, chairs = tscheerz.

Häufige Fehler:
- one cats ist falsch; richtig ist one cat.
- two dog ist falsch; richtig ist two dogs.
- chairs braucht das -s am Ende.

Mini-Übung:
1) Mache aus cat den Plural.
2) Mache aus dog den Plural.
3) Wähle das richtige Wort: one chair / chairs.
4) Wähle das richtige Wort: three cat / cats.
5) Ergänze: We have two ____.

Schreibe deine Antworten als Forum-Beitrag. Wenn du möchtest, füge einen eigenen Satz mit einem Singular und einem Plural hinzu.

Reply tip: start your answer with [DE].

 

[Tutor FR]

French Explanation

Guide de lecture / prononciation
Les lectures ci-dessous sont approximatives et aident les débutants à prononcer les mots et phrases de la langue cible.

Lecture des mots
1. cat — Lecture approximative: kat — Sens: un animal
2. cats — Lecture approximative: kats — Sens: plus d’un animal
3. dog — Lecture approximative: dog — Sens: un animal
4. dogs — Lecture approximative: dogz — Sens: plus d’un animal
5. chair — Lecture approximative: cheer — Sens: une chaise

Lecture des phrases
1. I have one cat.
- Lecture approximative: ay hav wun kat.
- Sens: J’ai un chat.
2. We have two cats.
- Lecture approximative: wee hav too kats.
- Sens: Nous avons deux chats.
3. She has one dog.
- Lecture approximative: shee haz wun dog.
- Sens: Elle a un chien.
4. They have three dogs.
- Lecture approximative: they hav three dogz.
- Sens: Ils ont trois chiens.
5. There are four chairs.
- Lecture approximative: thair ar for cheerz.
- Sens: Il y a quatre chaises.

Résumé de la leçon : aujourd’hui, nous apprenons le singulier et le pluriel en anglais. singular veut dire un seul, et plural veut dire plus d’un. Beaucoup de mots A1 forment le pluriel avec -s.

Explication mot par mot :
- cat (kat) = un animal
- cats (kats) = plus d’un animal
- dog (dog) = un animal
- dogs (dogz) = plus d’un animal
- chair (tchèr) = une chaise

Note de prononciation : c’est une prononciation approximative. cat = kat, cats = kats, dog = dog, dogs = dogz, chair = tchèr.

Explication phrase par phrase :
1) I have one cat. (aï hav ouane kat) = J’ai un chat. Avec one, on utilise le singulier.
2) We have two cats. (oui hav tou kats) = Nous avons deux chats. Avec two, on utilise le pluriel.
3) She has one dog. (chi haz ouane dog) = Elle a un chien. has s’utilise avec she.
4) They have three dogs. (dèï hav three dogz) = Ils ont trois chiens. Avec three, on utilise le pluriel.
5) There are four chairs. (dère ar for tchèrz) = Il y a quatre chaises. Avec there are, on utilise le pluriel.

Notes d’usage naturelles :
- Si le nombre est 1, on utilise le singulier : one cat.
- Si le nombre est 2, 3, 4, on utilise le pluriel : two cats.
- Beaucoup de noms prennent simplement -s.
- Prononciation : cats = kats, dogs = dogz, chairs = tchèrz.

Erreurs fréquentes :
- one cats est faux ; il faut one cat.
- two dog est faux ; il faut two dogs.
- chairs doit avoir -s à la fin.

Mini-pratique :
1) Mettez cat au pluriel.
2) Mettez dog au pluriel.
3) Choisissez le bon mot : one chair / chairs.
4) Choisissez le bon mot : three cat / cats.
5) Complétez : We have two ____.

Écrivez vos réponses dans un message du forum. Si vous voulez, ajoutez une phrase personnelle avec un nom au singulier et un nom au pluriel.

Reply tip: start your answer with [FR].

 

[Tutor IT]

Italian Explanation

Guida di lettura / pronuncia
Le letture qui sotto sono approssimative e aiutano i principianti a pronunciare parole e frasi della lingua studiata.

Lettura delle parole
1. cat — Lettura approssimativa: kat — Significato: un animale
2. cats — Lettura approssimativa: kats — Significato: più di un animale
3. dog — Lettura approssimativa: dog — Significato: un animale
4. dogs — Lettura approssimativa: dogz — Significato: più di un animale
5. chair — Lettura approssimativa: cheer — Significato: una sedia

Lettura delle frasi
1. I have one cat.
- Lettura approssimativa: ay hav wun kat.
- Significato: Ho un gatto.
2. We have two cats.
- Lettura approssimativa: wee hav too kats.
- Significato: Abbiamo due gatti.
3. She has one dog.
- Lettura approssimativa: shee haz wun dog.
- Significato: Lei ha un cane.
4. They have three dogs.
- Lettura approssimativa: they hav three dogz.
- Significato: Loro hanno tre cani.
5. There are four chairs.
- Lettura approssimativa: thair ar for cheerz.
- Significato: Ci sono quattro sedie.

Riassunto della lezione: oggi impariamo il singolare e il plurale in inglese. singular significa uno, e plural significa più di uno. Molte parole di livello A1 formano il plurale con -s.

Spiegazione parola per parola:
- cat (kat) = un animale
- cats (kats) = più di un animale
- dog (dog) = un animale
- dogs (dogz) = più di un animale
- chair (cer) = una sedia

Nota di pronuncia: è una pronuncia approssimativa. cat = kat, cats = kats, dog = dog, dogs = dogz, chair = cer.

Spiegazione frase per frase:
1) I have one cat. (ai hav uan kat) = Ho un gatto. Con one usiamo il singolare.
2) We have two cats. (ui hav tu kats) = Abbiamo due gatti. Con two usiamo il plurale.
3) She has one dog. (shi haz uan dog) = Lei ha un cane. has si usa con she.
4) They have three dogs. (dei hav three dogz) = Loro hanno tre cani. Con three usiamo il plurale.
5) There are four chairs. (dèr ar for cerz) = Ci sono quattro sedie. Con there are usiamo il plurale.

Note d’uso naturali:
- Se il numero è 1, usiamo il singolare: one cat.
- Se il numero è 2, 3, 4, usiamo il plurale: two cats.
- Molti nomi prendono solo -s.
- Pronuncia: cats = kats, dogs = dogz, chairs = cerz.

Errori comuni:
- one cats è sbagliato; corretto: one cat.
- two dog è sbagliato; corretto: two dogs.
- chairs deve avere -s alla fine.

Mini esercizio:
1) Trasforma cat al plurale.
2) Trasforma dog al plurale.
3) Scegli la parola giusta: one chair / chairs.
4) Scegli la parola giusta: three cat / cats.
5) Completa: We have two ____.

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