English A1 Grammar & Vocabulary #088: must / mustn't for rules and obligation

[Tutor]

English A1 Grammar & Vocabulary #088: must / mustn't for rules and obligation

Target language: English
Level: A1
Lesson type: Grammar and Vocabulary Lesson
Lesson number: #088

Available explanations:
- Turkish by @Tutor TR
- Arabic by @Tutor AR
- Russian by @Tutor RU
- Spanish by @Tutor ES
- German by @Tutor DE
- French by @Tutor FR
- Italian by @Tutor IT

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Lesson 88: must / mustn't for simple rules and obligation

Today’s grammar point is must and mustn't.
- must = strong necessity or rule
- mustn't = strong prohibition / not allowed

Short review from previous lessons:
- can = ability or permission
- there is / there are = existence in a place
- for / from = basic meaning and source

New lesson words:
1) must — mast — have to; need to
2) mustn't — muhsnt — must not; not allowed
3) rule — rool — an instruction; a law
4) sign — sayn — a notice; a board
5) quiet — kwy-et — not noisy

Five example sentences:
1) You must wear a seat belt.
Reading: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
Meaning: You have to wear a seat belt.
Usage: Use must for a strong safety rule.

2) You mustn't smoke here.
Reading: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
Meaning: You are not allowed to smoke here.
Usage: Use mustn't for a clear prohibition.

3) We must follow the rule.
Reading: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
Meaning: We need to obey the rule.
Usage: Follow the rule = obey the rule.

4) The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
Reading: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
Meaning: The sign says that you have to be quiet.
Usage: Signs often show rules in public places.

5) You mustn't be late for class.
Reading: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
Meaning: You are not allowed to arrive late for class.
Usage: Use mustn't for a rule about behavior.

Usage notes:
- Use must for strong rules, duty, safety, and necessity.
- Use mustn't for strong prohibition.
- After must and mustn't, use the base verb: must go, mustn't smoke, must be.
- Do not add -s: not musts.

Mini practice:
1) Choose: You ___ wear a seat belt. (must / mustn't)
2) Choose: You ___ smoke here. (must / mustn't)
3) Rewrite: It is necessary to be quiet.
4) Rewrite: It is not allowed to smoke here.
5) Choose: A ___ can show a rule. (sign / quiet)

Answer key:
1) must
2) mustn't
3) You must be quiet.
4) You mustn't smoke here.
5) sign

Reply instruction:
- Write your answers in one message.
- You can also make one new sentence with must or mustn't.
- If you want, I can check your answers and correct your sentences.

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Reply format: Start your reply with your explanation language code, e.g. [TR], [EN], [AR], [RU], [ES], [DE], [FR], [IT].

 

[Tutor TR]

Turkish Explanation

Okunuş / telaffuz rehberi
Aşağıdaki okunuşlar yaklaşık verilmiştir; amaç hedef dildeki kelime ve cümleleri yeni başlayanların okuyabilmesini sağlamaktır.

Kelime okunuşları
1. must — Yaklaşık okunuşu: mast — Anlamı: -meli / -malı; zorunda olmak
2. mustn't — Yaklaşık okunuşu: muhsnt — Anlamı: -memeli / -mamalı; yasak
3. rule — Yaklaşık okunuşu: rool — Anlamı: kural
4. sign — Yaklaşık okunuşu: sayn — Anlamı: işaret; tabela
5. quiet — Yaklaşık okunuşu: kwy-et — Anlamı: sessiz

Cümle okunuşları
1. You must wear a seat belt.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
- Anlamı: Emniyet kemeri takmalısın.
2. You mustn't smoke here.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
- Anlamı: Burada sigara içmemelisin.
3. We must follow the rule.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
- Anlamı: Kuralı takip etmeliyiz.
4. The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
- Anlamı: Tabela, 'Sessiz olmalısın.' diyor.
5. You mustn't be late for class.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
- Anlamı: Derse geç kalmamalısın.

Ders özeti:
Bu derste İngilizce must (mast) ve mustn't (muhsnt) yapılarını öğreniyoruz. must = zorunluluk, güçlü kural, gerekli olan şey; mustn't = yasak, yapılmaması gereken şey. A1 seviyesinde bunları kısa ve net kurallarla kullanırız.

Kelime kelime açıklama:
- must (mast) = -meli/-malı, zorunda olmak
- mustn't (muhsnt) = -memeli/-mamalı, yasak
- rule (rool) = kural
- sign (sayn) = tabela, işaret, levha
- quiet (kwy-et) = sessiz

Telaffuz / okuma notu:
- must: mast
- mustn't: muhsnt
- rule: rool
- sign: sayn
- quiet: kwy-et
Not: Bunlar yaklaşık okumalardır; gerçek İngilizce ses biraz farklı olabilir.

Cümle cümle açıklama:
1) You must wear a seat belt.
Okuma: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
Anlamı: Emniyet kemeri takmalısın.
Kullanım: Güçlü bir güvenlik kuralı için must kullanılır.

2) You mustn't smoke here.
Okuma: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
Anlamı: Burada sigara içmemelisin / içmek yasak.
Kullanım: mustn't yasak veya izin yok anlamı verir.

3) We must follow the rule.
Okuma: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
Anlamı: Kuralı takip etmeliyiz / kurala uymalıyız.
Kullanım: follow the rule = kurala uymak.

4) The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
Okuma: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
Anlamı: Tabela, 'Sessiz olmalısın.' diyor.
Kullanım: sign, bir kuralı yazılı olarak gösterebilir.

5) You mustn't be late for class.
Okuma: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
Anlamı: Derse geç kalmamalısın.
Kullanım: mustn't davranış kuralı için de kullanılır.

Doğal kullanım notları:
- must güçlü zorunluluk içindir.
- mustn't güçlü yasak içindir.
- İkisinden sonra fiilin yalın hali gelir: must go, must be, mustn't smoke.
- İngilizcede musts gibi bir çoğul yoktur; fiil değişmez.

Yaygın hata notları:
- Yanlış: You musts go.
- Doğru: You must go.
- Yanlış: You mustn't to smoke.
- Doğru: You mustn't smoke.
- must ve can karışabilir: can = yapabilmek / izin, must = zorunluluk.

Mini alıştırma yönergeleri:
1) Boşluğu must veya mustn't ile doldur.
2) Cümleyi yeniden yaz.
3) Kendi hayatından bir kural cümlesi yaz.

Cevap anahtarı:
1) must
2) mustn't
3) You must be quiet.
4) You mustn't smoke here.
5) sign

Yanıt verme rehberi:
- Cevaplarını tek mesajda yaz.
- İstersen bir de must veya mustn't ile kendi cümleni ekle.
- Ben de cevaplarını kontrol edip düzeltebilirim.

Reply tip: start your answer with [TR].

 

[Tutor AR]

Arabic Explanation​

دليل القراءة / النطق
القراءات التالية تقريبية لمساعدة المبتدئين على نطق كلمات وجمل اللغة الهدف.

قراءة الكلمات
1. must — النطق التقريبي: mast — المعنى: يجب
2. mustn't — النطق التقريبي: muhsnt — المعنى: يجب ألا؛ ممنوع
3. rule — النطق التقريبي: rool — المعنى: قاعدة
4. sign — النطق التقريبي: sayn — المعنى: لافتة؛ إشارة
5. quiet — النطق التقريبي: kwy-et — المعنى: هادئ؛ صامت

قراءة الجمل
1. You must wear a seat belt.
- النطق التقريبي: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
- المعنى: يجب أن ترتدي حزام الأمان.
2. You mustn't smoke here.
- النطق التقريبي: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
- المعنى: لا يجب أن تدخن هنا.
3. We must follow the rule.
- النطق التقريبي: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
- المعنى: يجب أن نتبع القاعدة.
4. The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
- النطق التقريبي: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
- المعنى: تقول اللافتة: «يجب أن تكون هادئًا.»
5. You mustn't be late for class.
- النطق التقريبي: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
- المعنى: لا يجب أن تتأخر عن الصف.

ملخص الدرس:
في هذا الدرس نتعلم must (mast) و mustn't (muhsnt). must تعني: يجب / لا بدّ من / من الضروري، وmustn't تعني: لا يجوز / ممنوع. هذا الدرس مهم جدًا للمبتدئين لأننا نستخدمه مع القواعد والتعليمات.

شرح كلمة بكلمة:
- must (mast) = يجب
- mustn't (muhsnt) = لا يجب / ممنوع
- rule (rool) = قاعدة
- sign (sayn) = لافتة / علامة
- quiet (kwy-et) = هادئ / صامت

القراءة / النطق:
- must = mast
- mustn't = muhsnt
- rule = rool
- sign = sayn
- quiet = kwy-et
هذه قراءات تقريبية للمساعدة على النطق.

شرح الجمل جملةً جملة:
1) You must wear a seat belt.
القراءة: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
المعنى: يجب أن ترتدي حزام الأمان.
الاستخدام: نستخدم must مع القواعد المهمة المتعلقة بالسلامة.

2) You mustn't smoke here.
القراءة: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
المعنى: لا يجوز أن تدخن هنا.
الاستخدام: mustn't تعني أن الشيء ممنوع.

3) We must follow the rule.
القراءة: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
المعنى: يجب أن نتبع القاعدة.
الاستخدام: follow the rule = اتبع القاعدة / التزم بها.

4) The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
القراءة: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
المعنى: اللافتة تقول: «يجب أن تكون هادئًا.»
الاستخدام: sign قد تعرض تعليمات أو قواعد.

5) You mustn't be late for class.
القراءة: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
المعنى: لا يجب أن تتأخر عن الصف.
الاستخدام: نستخدم mustn't مع قواعد السلوك.

ملاحظات استخدام طبيعية:
- must = إلزام قوي أو ضرورة.
- mustn't = منع قوي.
- بعد must وmustn't نستخدم الفعل الأساسي: must go, must be, mustn't smoke.
- لا نضيف s مع must.

أخطاء شائعة:
- خطأ: You musts go.
- الصحيح: You must go.
- خطأ: You mustn't to smoke.
- الصحيح: You mustn't smoke.
- must ليست مثل can؛ can تعني القدرة أو الإذن، أما must فتعني الضرورة.

تعليمات التدريب:
1) اختر must أو mustn't.
2) أعد كتابة الجملة.
3) اكتب جملة من عندك باستخدام must أو mustn't.

مفتاح الإجابة:
1) must
2) mustn't
3) You must be quiet.
4) You mustn't smoke here.
5) sign

إرشاد الرد:
- اكتب إجاباتك في رسالة واحدة.
- يمكنك أيضًا كتابة جملة جديدة من إنشائك.
- إذا أردت، أستطيع تصحيح إجاباتك.
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Reply tip: start your answer with [AR].

 

[Tutor RU]

Russian Explanation

Чтение / произношение
Ниже даны приблизительные варианты чтения, чтобы новичкам было легче произносить слова и предложения изучаемого языка.

Чтение слов
1. must — Примерное чтение: mast — Значение: должен; нужно
2. mustn't — Примерное чтение: muhsnt — Значение: нельзя; не должен
3. rule — Примерное чтение: rool — Значение: правило
4. sign — Примерное чтение: sayn — Значение: знак; табличка
5. quiet — Примерное чтение: kwy-et — Значение: тихий; спокойный

Чтение предложений
1. You must wear a seat belt.
- Примерное чтение: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
- Значение: Ты должен пристегнуть ремень безопасности.
2. You mustn't smoke here.
- Примерное чтение: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
- Значение: Здесь нельзя курить.
3. We must follow the rule.
- Примерное чтение: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
- Значение: Мы должны соблюдать правило.
4. The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
- Примерное чтение: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
- Значение: На табличке написано: «Вы должны молчать.»
5. You mustn't be late for class.
- Примерное чтение: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
- Значение: Нельзя опаздывать на урок.

Краткое содержание урока:
Сегодня мы учим must (mast) и mustn't (muhsnt). must = «должен / нужно / необходимо», а mustn't = «нельзя / не разрешается». Это очень полезно для правил, запретов и инструкций на уровне A1.

Слово за словом:
- must (mast) = должен; нужно
- mustn't (muhsnt) = нельзя; не должен
- rule (rool) = правило
- sign (sayn) = знак; табличка
- quiet (kwy-et) = тихий; спокойный

Произношение:
- must = mast
- mustn't = muhsnt
- rule = rool
- sign = sayn
- quiet = kwy-et
Это приблизительное произношение, чтобы легче было читать.

Разбор предложений:
1) You must wear a seat belt.
Чтение: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
Значение: Ты должен пристегнуть ремень безопасности.
Использование: must показывает сильное правило или обязанность.

2) You mustn't smoke here.
Чтение: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
Значение: Здесь нельзя курить.
Использование: mustn't показывает запрет.

3) We must follow the rule.
Чтение: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
Значение: Мы должны соблюдать правило.
Использование: follow the rule = соблюдать правило.

4) The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
Чтение: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
Значение: На табличке написано: «Вы должны быть тихими.»
Использование: sign часто показывает инструкции или правила.

5) You mustn't be late for class.
Чтение: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
Значение: Нельзя опаздывать на урок.
Использование: mustn't можно использовать для правил поведения.

Полезные замечания:
- must = сильная необходимость.
- mustn't = строгий запрет.
- После must и mustn't используется основной глагол: must go, must be, mustn't smoke.
- Не добавляйте s: не musts.

Частые ошибки:
- Неправильно: You musts go.
- Правильно: You must go.
- Неправильно: You mustn't to smoke.
- Правильно: You mustn't smoke.
- Не путайте must и can: can = могу / разрешено, must = должен / необходимо.

Мини-практика:
1) Вставьте must или mustn't.
2) Перефразируйте предложение.
3) Придумайте своё правило с must или mustn't.

Ключ ответов:
1) must
2) mustn't
3) You must be quiet.
4) You mustn't smoke here.
5) sign

Как отвечать:
- Напишите все ответы одним сообщением.
- Можно добавить своё предложение с must или mustn't.
- Я могу проверить и исправить ваши ответы.

Reply tip: start your answer with [RU].

 

[Tutor ES]

Spanish Explanation

Guía de lectura / pronunciación
Las lecturas son aproximadas y ayudan a principiantes a pronunciar las palabras y frases del idioma objetivo.

Lectura de palabras
1. must — Lectura aproximada: mast — Significado: debe; tener que
2. mustn't — Lectura aproximada: muhsnt — Significado: no debe; no está permitido
3. rule — Lectura aproximada: rool — Significado: regla
4. sign — Lectura aproximada: sayn — Significado: señal; cartel
5. quiet — Lectura aproximada: kwy-et — Significado: silencioso; tranquilo

Lectura de frases
1. You must wear a seat belt.
- Lectura aproximada: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
- Significado: Debes llevar el cinturón de seguridad.
2. You mustn't smoke here.
- Lectura aproximada: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
- Significado: No debes fumar aquí.
3. We must follow the rule.
- Lectura aproximada: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
- Significado: Debemos seguir la regla.
4. The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
- Lectura aproximada: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
- Significado: El cartel dice: «Debes estar en silencio.»
5. You mustn't be late for class.
- Lectura aproximada: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
- Significado: No debes llegar tarde a clase.

Resumen de la lección:
Hoy aprendemos must (mast) y mustn't (muhsnt). must significa «debe / tiene que / es necesario», y mustn't significa «no debe / está prohibido». Es una lección muy útil para reglas y obligaciones en nivel A1.

Palabra por palabra:
- must (mast) = debe; tener que
- mustn't (muhsnt) = no debe; no está permitido
- rule (rool) = regla
- sign (sayn) = señal; cartel
- quiet (kwy-et) = silencioso; tranquilo

Lectura / pronunciación:
- must = mast
- mustn't = muhsnt
- rule = rool
- sign = sayn
- quiet = kwy-et
Son pronunciaciones aproximadas para ayudarte.

Explicación oración por oración:
1) You must wear a seat belt.
Lectura: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
Significado: Debes llevar el cinturón de seguridad.
Uso: must se usa para una regla fuerte de seguridad.

2) You mustn't smoke here.
Lectura: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
Significado: No debes fumar aquí.
Uso: mustn't se usa para una prohibición clara.

3) We must follow the rule.
Lectura: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
Significado: Debemos seguir la regla.
Uso: follow the rule = obedecer la regla.

4) The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
Lectura: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
Significado: El cartel dice: «Debes estar en silencio.»
Uso: sign puede mostrar una regla escrita.

5) You mustn't be late for class.
Lectura: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
Significado: No debes llegar tarde a clase.
Uso: mustn't también se usa para normas de comportamiento.

Notas de uso natural:
- must = obligación fuerte o necesidad.
- mustn't = prohibición fuerte.
- Después de must y mustn't usamos el verbo base: must go, must be, mustn't smoke.
- No añadimos s a must.

Errores comunes:
- Incorrecto: You musts go.
- Correcto: You must go.
- Incorrecto: You mustn't to smoke.
- Correcto: You mustn't smoke.
- No confundas must con can: can = poder / permiso, must = obligación.

Práctica corta:
1) Elige must o mustn't.
2) Reescribe la oración.
3) Escribe una oración tuya con must o mustn't.

Clave de respuestas:
1) must
2) mustn't
3) You must be quiet.
4) You mustn't smoke here.
5) sign

Instrucciones para responder:
- Escribe tus respuestas en un solo mensaje.
- También puedes añadir una oración tuya.
- Si quieres, puedo corregir tus respuestas.

Reply tip: start your answer with [ES].

 

[Tutor DE]

German Explanation

Lese- / Aussprachehilfe
Die folgenden Lesungen sind ungefähr und sollen Anfängern helfen, die Wörter und Sätze der Zielsprache auszusprechen.

Wortlesungen
1. must — Ungefähre Lesung: mast — Bedeutung: muss; sollen
2. mustn't — Ungefähre Lesung: muhsnt — Bedeutung: darf nicht; darfst nicht
3. rule — Ungefähre Lesung: rool — Bedeutung: Regel
4. sign — Ungefähre Lesung: sayn — Bedeutung: Schild; Zeichen
5. quiet — Ungefähre Lesung: kwy-et — Bedeutung: ruhig; leise

Satzlesungen
1. You must wear a seat belt.
- Ungefähre Lesung: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
- Bedeutung: Du musst den Sicherheitsgurt tragen.
2. You mustn't smoke here.
- Ungefähre Lesung: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
- Bedeutung: Hier darfst du nicht rauchen.
3. We must follow the rule.
- Ungefähre Lesung: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
- Bedeutung: Wir müssen die Regel befolgen.
4. The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
- Ungefähre Lesung: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
- Bedeutung: Das Schild sagt: „Du musst ruhig sein.“
5. You mustn't be late for class.
- Ungefähre Lesung: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
- Bedeutung: Du darfst nicht zu spät zum Unterricht kommen.

Lernzusammenfassung:
Heute lernen wir must (mast) und mustn't (muhsnt). must bedeutet: man muss etwas tun / es ist notwendig. mustn't bedeutet: man darf etwas nicht tun / es ist verboten. Das ist ein sehr wichtiger A1-Grammatikpunkt für Regeln und Pflichten.

Wort-für-Wort-Erklärung:
- must (mast) = muss; sollen
- mustn't (muhsnt) = darf nicht; verboten
- rule (rool) = Regel
- sign (sayn) = Schild; Zeichen
- quiet (kwy-et) = ruhig; leise

Aussprache / Lesung:
- must = mast
- mustn't = muhsnt
- rule = rool
- sign = sayn
- quiet = kwy-et
Das sind ungefähre Aussprachen.

Satz-für-Satz-Erklärung:
1) You must wear a seat belt.
Aussprache: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
Bedeutung: Du musst einen Sicherheitsgurt tragen.
Verwendung: must benutzt man für eine starke Sicherheitsregel.

2) You mustn't smoke here.
Aussprache: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
Bedeutung: Hier darfst du nicht rauchen.
Verwendung: mustn't zeigt ein Verbot.

3) We must follow the rule.
Aussprache: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
Bedeutung: Wir müssen die Regel befolgen.
Verwendung: follow the rule = die Regel befolgen.

4) The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
Aussprache: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
Bedeutung: Das Schild sagt: „Du musst ruhig sein.“
Verwendung: Ein sign kann Regeln zeigen.

5) You mustn't be late for class.
Aussprache: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
Bedeutung: Du darfst nicht zu spät zum Unterricht kommen.
Verwendung: mustn't passt auch für Verhaltensregeln.

Natürliche Verwendung:
- must = starke Pflicht oder Notwendigkeit.
- mustn't = starkes Verbot.
- Nach must und mustn't steht der Grundform-Verb: must go, must be, mustn't smoke.
- Kein s an must.

Häufige Fehler:
- Falsch: You musts go.
- Richtig: You must go.
- Falsch: You mustn't to smoke.
- Richtig: You mustn't smoke.
- must ist nicht wie can: can = können / dürfen, must = müssen.

Mini-Übung:
1) Wähle must oder mustn't.
2) Forme den Satz um.
3) Schreibe einen eigenen Satz mit must oder mustn't.

Lösungsschlüssel:
1) must
2) mustn't
3) You must be quiet.
4) You mustn't smoke here.
5) sign

Antwort-Hinweis:
- Schreibe deine Antworten in einer Nachricht.
- Du kannst auch einen eigenen Beispielsatz hinzufügen.
- Ich kann deine Antworten gern korrigieren.

Reply tip: start your answer with [DE].

 

[Tutor FR]

French Explanation

Guide de lecture / prononciation
Les lectures ci-dessous sont approximatives et aident les débutants à prononcer les mots et phrases de la langue cible.

Lecture des mots
1. must — Lecture approximative: mast — Sens: doit; devoir
2. mustn't — Lecture approximative: muhsnt — Sens: ne doit pas; interdit
3. rule — Lecture approximative: rool — Sens: règle
4. sign — Lecture approximative: sayn — Sens: panneau; signe
5. quiet — Lecture approximative: kwy-et — Sens: calme; silencieux

Lecture des phrases
1. You must wear a seat belt.
- Lecture approximative: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
- Sens: Tu dois porter la ceinture de sécurité.
2. You mustn't smoke here.
- Lecture approximative: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
- Sens: Tu ne dois pas fumer ici.
3. We must follow the rule.
- Lecture approximative: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
- Sens: Nous devons suivre la règle.
4. The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
- Lecture approximative: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
- Sens: Le panneau dit : « Tu dois être silencieux. »
5. You mustn't be late for class.
- Lecture approximative: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
- Sens: Tu ne dois pas être en retard en classe.

Résumé du cours :
Aujourd’hui, nous apprenons must (mast) et mustn't (muhsnt). must signifie : il faut / tu dois / obligation forte. mustn't signifie : il ne faut pas / interdit. C’est un point de grammaire très utile au niveau A1 pour les règles et les consignes.

Explication mot par mot :
- must (mast) = doit ; devoir
- mustn't (muhsnt) = ne doit pas ; interdit
- rule (rool) = règle
- sign (sayn) = panneau ; signe
- quiet (kwy-et) = calme ; silencieux

Prononciation / lecture :
- must = mast
- mustn't = muhsnt
- rule = rool
- sign = sayn
- quiet = kwy-et
Ce sont des prononciations approximatives pour débutants.

Explication phrase par phrase :
1) You must wear a seat belt.
Prononciation : yoo mast wair uh seet belt
Sens : Tu dois porter une ceinture de sécurité.
Utilisation : must sert pour une règle forte de sécurité.

2) You mustn't smoke here.
Prononciation : yoo muhsnt smohk heer
Sens : Tu ne dois pas fumer ici.
Utilisation : mustn't sert pour une interdiction claire.

3) We must follow the rule.
Prononciation : wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
Sens : Nous devons suivre la règle.
Utilisation : follow the rule = respecter la règle.

4) The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
Prononciation : thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
Sens : Le panneau dit : « Tu dois être silencieux. »
Utilisation : un sign peut montrer une règle écrite.

5) You mustn't be late for class.
Prononciation : yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
Sens : Tu ne dois pas être en retard en classe.
Utilisation : mustn't peut aussi servir pour les règles de comportement.

Notes d’usage naturelles :
- must = obligation forte ou nécessité.
- mustn't = interdiction forte.
- Après must et mustn't, on utilise le verbe à l’infinitif sans to : must go, must be, mustn't smoke.
- On n’ajoute pas de s à must.

Erreurs fréquentes :
- Faux : You musts go.
- Correct : You must go.
- Faux : You mustn't to smoke.
- Correct : You mustn't smoke.
- Ne confondez pas must et can : can = pouvoir / permission, must = devoir.

Mini-pratique :
1) Choisissez must ou mustn't.
2) Réécrivez la phrase.
3) Écrivez votre propre phrase avec must ou mustn't.

Corrigé :
1) must
2) mustn't
3) You must be quiet.
4) You mustn't smoke here.
5) sign

Consigne pour répondre :
- Écrivez vos réponses dans un seul message.
- Vous pouvez aussi ajouter une phrase personnelle.
- Je peux corriger vos réponses si vous voulez.

Reply tip: start your answer with [FR].

 

[Tutor IT]

Italian Explanation

Guida di lettura / pronuncia
Le letture qui sotto sono approssimative e aiutano i principianti a pronunciare parole e frasi della lingua studiata.

Lettura delle parole
1. must — Lettura approssimativa: mast — Significato: deve; dovere
2. mustn't — Lettura approssimativa: muhsnt — Significato: non deve; vietato
3. rule — Lettura approssimativa: rool — Significato: regola
4. sign — Lettura approssimativa: sayn — Significato: cartello; segno
5. quiet — Lettura approssimativa: kwy-et — Significato: silenzioso; tranquillo

Lettura delle frasi
1. You must wear a seat belt.
- Lettura approssimativa: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
- Significato: Devi indossare la cintura di sicurezza.
2. You mustn't smoke here.
- Lettura approssimativa: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
- Significato: Non devi fumare qui.
3. We must follow the rule.
- Lettura approssimativa: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
- Significato: Dobbiamo seguire la regola.
4. The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
- Lettura approssimativa: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
- Significato: Il cartello dice: «Devi stare zitto.»
5. You mustn't be late for class.
- Lettura approssimativa: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
- Significato: Non devi arrivare tardi a lezione.

Riassunto della lezione:
Oggi impariamo must (mast) e mustn't (muhsnt). must significa: devi / è necessario. mustn't significa: non devi / è vietato. È un punto molto utile di grammatica A1 per regole e obblighi.

Spiegazione parola per parola:
- must (mast) = deve; dovere
- mustn't (muhsnt) = non deve; vietato
- rule (rool) = regola
- sign (sayn) = cartello; segno
- quiet (kwy-et) = silenzioso; tranquillo

Pronuncia / lettura:
- must = mast
- mustn't = muhsnt
- rule = rool
- sign = sayn
- quiet = kwy-et
Sono pronunce approssimative per principianti.

Spiegazione frase per frase:
1) You must wear a seat belt.
Pronuncia: yoo mast wair uh seet belt
Significato: Devi indossare la cintura di sicurezza.
Uso: must si usa per una regola forte di sicurezza.

2) You mustn't smoke here.
Pronuncia: yoo muhsnt smohk heer
Significato: Non devi fumare qui.
Uso: mustn't si usa per un divieto chiaro.

3) We must follow the rule.
Pronuncia: wee mast foh-loh thuh rool
Significato: Dobbiamo seguire la regola.
Uso: follow the rule = rispettare la regola.

4) The sign says, 'You must be quiet.'
Pronuncia: thuh sayn sayz yoo mast bee kwy-et
Significato: Il cartello dice: «Devi stare zitto.»
Uso: un sign può mostrare una regola scritta.

5) You mustn't be late for class.
Pronuncia: yoo muhsnt bee layt for klas
Significato: Non devi arrivare tardi a lezione.
Uso: mustn't si usa anche per le regole di comportamento.

Note d’uso naturali:
- must = obbligo forte o necessità.
- mustn't = divieto forte.
- Dopo must e mustn't usiamo il verbo base: must go, must be, mustn't smoke.
- Non aggiungiamo la s a must.

Errori comuni:
- Sbagliato: You musts go.
- Corretto: You must go.
- Sbagliato: You mustn't to smoke.
- Corretto: You mustn't smoke.
- Non confondere must con can: can = poter / permesso, must = dovere.

Mini pratica:
1) Scegli must o mustn't.
2) Riscrivi la frase.
3) Scrivi una tua frase con must o mustn't.

Soluzioni:
1) must
2) mustn't
3) You must be quiet.
4) You mustn't smoke here.
5) sign

Istruzioni per rispondere:
- Scrivi le risposte in un solo messaggio.
- Puoi aggiungere anche una tua frase.
- Posso correggere le tue risposte se vuoi.

Reply tip: start your answer with [IT].