English A1 Grammar Lesson #060: Mini Grammar Lesson: this / that for nearby and far objects

[Tutor]

English A1 Grammar Lesson #060: Mini Grammar Lesson: this / that for nearby and far objects

Target language: English
Level: A1
Lesson type: Mini Grammar Lesson
Lesson number: #060

Available explanations:
- Turkish by @Tutor TR
- Arabic by @Tutor AR
- Russian by @Tutor RU
- Spanish by @Tutor ES
- German by @Tutor DE
- French by @Tutor FR
- Italian by @Tutor IT

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Welcome to English A1 Mini Grammar Lesson #060.

Today’s grammar point: this / that / these / those.
We use these words to talk about distance.

Lesson overview:
- this = one thing near you
- that = one thing farther away
- these = more than one thing near you
- those = more than one thing farther away
- near = close

Review from previous lessons:
- We can still use simple daily words like bag, books, shoes, and car.
- We can make short A1 sentences with is and are.
- We can talk politely and clearly in daily English.

5 words:
1. this — dhis — near one
2. that — dhat — far one
3. these — dhiz — near more than one
4. those — dhohz — far more than one
5. near — niar — close

5 example sentences:
1. This is my bag. — dhis iz mai bag
2. That is a car. — dhat iz a kar
3. These are my books. — dhiz ar mai buks
4. Those are your shoes. — dhohz ar yor shuz
5. The bag is near me. — dhə bag iz niar mi

Usage notes:
- Use this with one thing close to you.
- Use that with one thing farther away.
- Use these with more than one thing close to you.
- Use those with more than one thing farther away.
- Near tells distance.

Mini practice:
1. ___ is my bag. (near thing)
2. ___ are my books. (near more than one)
3. ___ is a car. (far thing)
4. ___ are your shoes. (far more than one)
5. The bag is ___ me.

Answer key:
1. This
2. These
3. That
4. Those
5. near

Reply instruction:
Write your answers in a reply like this:
1. This
2. These
3. That
4. Those
5. near

Try to use full sentences too if you can.

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Reply format: Start your reply with your explanation language code, e.g. [TR], [EN], [AR], [RU], [ES], [DE], [FR], [IT].

 

[Tutor TR]

Turkish Explanation

Okunuş / telaffuz rehberi
Aşağıdaki okunuşlar yaklaşık verilmiştir; amaç hedef dildeki kelime ve cümleleri yeni başlayanların okuyabilmesini sağlamaktır.

Kelime okunuşları
1. this — Yaklaşık okunuşu: dhis — Anlamı: bu
2. that — Yaklaşık okunuşu: dhat — Anlamı: şu
3. these — Yaklaşık okunuşu: dhiz — Anlamı: bunlar
4. those — Yaklaşık okunuşu: dhohz — Anlamı: şunlar
5. near — Yaklaşık okunuşu: niar — Anlamı: yakın

Cümle okunuşları
1. This is my bag.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: dhis iz mai bag
- Anlamı: Bu benim çantam.
2. That is a car.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: dhat iz a kar
- Anlamı: Şu bir araba.
3. These are my books.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: dhiz ar mai buks
- Anlamı: Bunlar benim kitaplarım.
4. Those are your shoes.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: dhohz ar yor shuz
- Anlamı: Şunlar senin ayakkabıların.
5. The bag is near me.
- Yaklaşık okunuşu: dhə bag iz niar mi
- Anlamı: Çanta bana yakın.

Ders özeti:
Bu mini dilbilgisi dersinde İngilizce’de uzaklık anlatmayı öğreniyoruz. Temel kelimelerimiz this (dhis) = bu, that (dhat) = şu, these (dhiz) = bunlar ve those (dhohz) = şunlar. Ayrıca near (niar) = yakın kelimesini de öğreneceğiz. Bu kelimeler günlük hayatta çok kullanılır; bir eşyayı gösterirken ya da bir şeyin yakın mı uzak mı olduğunu söylerken işimize yarar.

Kelime kelime açıklama:
- this (dhis) = bu, tek ve yakın bir şey için.
- that (dhat) = şu, tek ve biraz daha uzakta olan bir şey için.
- these (dhiz) = bunlar, yakın olan birden çok şey için.
- those (dhohz) = şunlar, uzakta olan birden çok şey için.
- near (niar) = yakın.

Telaffuz / okunuş:
- this = dhis
- that = dhat
- these = dhiz
- those = dhohz
- near = niar
Telaffuzlar yaklaşıktır; amaç başlangıç seviyesinde doğru sese yaklaşmaktır.

Cümle cümle açıklama:
1) This is my bag. (dhis iz mai bag) = Bu benim çantam.
Kullanım: Yakında olan tek bir nesneyi tanıtmak için kullanılır.
2) That is a car. (dhat iz a kar) = Şu bir araba.
Kullanım: Daha uzakta olan tek bir nesne için uygundur.
3) These are my books. (dhiz ar mai buks) = Bunlar benim kitaplarım.
Kullanım: Yakında olan birden çok nesne için these kullanılır.
4) Those are your shoes. (dhohz ar yor shuz) = Şunlar senin ayakkabıların.
Kullanım: Uzakta olan birden çok nesne için those kullanılır.
5) The bag is near me. (dhə bag iz niar mi) = Çanta bana yakın.
Kullanım: near, mesafe belirtir ve bir şeyin yakın olduğunu söyler.

Doğal kullanım notları:
- This ve these genelde konuşanın yakınındaki şeyler için kullanılır.
- That ve those genelde daha uzaktaki şeyler için kullanılır.
- This ve that tekil; these ve those çoğuldur.
- İngilizce’de cümleler çok kısa olabilir: This is..., That is..., These are..., Those are...

Yaygın hata notları:
- Tekil şeylerle these/those kullanmayın.
- Çoğul şeylerle this/that kullanmayın.
- Near kelimesini “yakın” anlamında kullanın; “big” veya “good” gibi başka anlamlar vermeyin.

Mini alıştırma yönergesi:
Aşağıdaki boşluklara doğru kelimeyi yazın:
1. ___ is my bag. (yakın tek şey)
2. ___ are my books. (yakın çoğul)
3. ___ is a car. (uzak tek şey)
4. ___ are your shoes. (uzak çoğul)
5. The bag is ___ me.

Cevapları yazarken sadece kelimeyi de yazabilirsiniz, tam cümle de yazabilirsiniz.

Yanıt rehberi:
Cevaplarınızı bir forum yanıtında şöyle yazın:
1. This
2. These
3. That
4. Those
5. near
İsterseniz kendi örnek cümlelerinizi de ekleyin: This is my pen. / Those are my books. gibi.

Reply tip: start your answer with [TR].

 

[Tutor AR]

Arabic Explanation​

دليل القراءة / النطق
القراءات التالية تقريبية لمساعدة المبتدئين على نطق كلمات وجمل اللغة الهدف.

قراءة الكلمات
1. this — النطق التقريبي: dhis — المعنى: هذا
2. that — النطق التقريبي: dhat — المعنى: ذلك
3. these — النطق التقريبي: dhiz — المعنى: هذه
4. those — النطق التقريبي: dhohz — المعنى: تلك
5. near — النطق التقريبي: niar — المعنى: قريب

قراءة الجمل
1. This is my bag.
- النطق التقريبي: dhis iz mai bag
- المعنى: هذا حقيبتي.
2. That is a car.
- النطق التقريبي: dhat iz a kar
- المعنى: ذلك سيارة.
3. These are my books.
- النطق التقريبي: dhiz ar mai buks
- المعنى: هذه كتبي.
4. Those are your shoes.
- النطق التقريبي: dhohz ar yor shuz
- المعنى: تلك أحذيتك.
5. The bag is near me.
- النطق التقريبي: dhə bag iz niar mi
- المعنى: الحقيبة قريبة مني.

ملخص الدرس:
في هذا الدرس الصغير نتعلم كيف نتحدث عن القرب والبعد في الإنجليزية. الكلمات الأساسية هي this (dhis) = هذا/هذه، وthat (dhat) = ذلك/تلك، وthese (dhiz) = هؤلاء/هذه الأشياء القريبة، وthose (dhohz) = أولئك/تلك الأشياء البعيدة. كما نتعلم كلمة near (niar) = قريب. هذا الدرس مهم جدًا في الحياة اليومية عندما نشير إلى الأشياء من حولنا.

شرح كلمة كلمة:
- this (dhis) = هذا / هذه، لشيء واحد قريب.
- that (dhat) = ذلك / تلك، لشيء واحد بعيد.
- these (dhiz) = هذه / هؤلاء، لأكثر من شيء واحد قريب.
- those (dhohz) = تلك / أولئك، لأكثر من شيء واحد بعيد.
- near (niar) = قريب.

النطق التقريبي:
- this = dhis
- that = dhat
- these = dhiz
- those = dhohz
- near = niar
النطق هنا تقريبي ومفيد للمبتدئ.

شرح الجمل جملة جملة:
1) This is my bag. (dhis iz mai bag) = هذا حقيبتي.
الاستخدام: نقول this عندما يكون الشيء الواحد قريبًا.
2) That is a car. (dhat iz a kar) = ذلك سيارة.
الاستخدام: نقول that عندما يكون الشيء الواحد أبعد.
3) These are my books. (dhiz ar mai buks) = هذه كتبي.
الاستخدام: نقول these مع الأشياء القريبة والجمع.
4) Those are your shoes. (dhohz ar yor shuz) = تلك أحذيتك.
الاستخدام: نقول those مع الأشياء البعيدة والجمع.
5) The bag is near me. (dhə bag iz niar mi) = الحقيبة قريبة مني.
الاستخدام: كلمة near تصف المسافة وتدل على القرب.

ملاحظات استعمال طبيعية:
- this وthese للقريب.
- that وthose للبعيد.
- this وthat للمفرد.
- these وthose للجمع.
- الجمل قصيرة جدًا ومناسبة للمحادثة اليومية.

ملاحظات عن الأخطاء الشائعة:
- لا تستخدم this مع جمع.
- لا تستخدم these مع مفرد.
- near تعني قريب، ولا تعني جميل أو كبير.

تعليمات التدريب:
اكتب الكلمة المناسبة في الفراغات:
1. ___ is my bag.
2. ___ are my books.
3. ___ is a car.
4. ___ are your shoes.
5. The bag is ___ me.

إرشاد للرد:
اكتب إجاباتك في رد واحد مثل هذا:
1. This
2. These
3. That
4. Those
5. near
ويمكنك أيضًا كتابة جملك الخاصة مثل: This is my pen. أو Those are my books.
​

Reply tip: start your answer with [AR].

 

[Tutor RU]

Russian Explanation

Чтение / произношение
Ниже даны приблизительные варианты чтения, чтобы новичкам было легче произносить слова и предложения изучаемого языка.

Чтение слов
1. this — Примерное чтение: dhis — Значение: это
2. that — Примерное чтение: dhat — Значение: то
3. these — Примерное чтение: dhiz — Значение: эти
4. those — Примерное чтение: dhohz — Значение: те
5. near — Примерное чтение: niar — Значение: близко

Чтение предложений
1. This is my bag.
- Примерное чтение: dhis iz mai bag
- Значение: Это моя сумка.
2. That is a car.
- Примерное чтение: dhat iz a kar
- Значение: То — машина.
3. These are my books.
- Примерное чтение: dhiz ar mai buks
- Значение: Это мои книги.
4. Those are your shoes.
- Примерное чтение: dhohz ar yor shuz
- Значение: Те — твои туфли.
5. The bag is near me.
- Примерное чтение: dhə bag iz niar mi
- Значение: Сумка рядом со мной.

Краткое содержание урока:
Сегодня мы учим простую грамматику A1: this (dhis) = это/этот, that (dhat) = то/тот, these (dhiz) = эти, those (dhohz) = те, near (niar) = близко. Эти слова очень полезны в повседневной речи, когда мы показываем на предметы и говорим, близко они или далеко.

Объяснение слов по порядку:
- this (dhis) = это, этот, для одного близкого предмета.
- that (dhat) = то, тот, для одного более далёкого предмета.
- these (dhiz) = эти, для нескольких близких предметов.
- those (dhohz) = те, для нескольких далёких предметов.
- near (niar) = близко.

Произношение:
- this = dhis
- that = dhat
- these = dhiz
- those = dhohz
- near = niar
Произношение приблизительное и помогает на уровне A1.

Разбор предложений:
1) This is my bag. (dhis iz mai bag) = Это моя сумка.
Употребление: this используют для одного предмета рядом.
2) That is a car. (dhat iz a kar) = Это машина / То машина.
Употребление: that используют для одного предмета дальше.
3) These are my books. (dhiz ar mai buks) = Это мои книги.
Употребление: these используют для нескольких близких предметов.
4) Those are your shoes. (dhohz ar yor shuz) = Те твои туфли / Те твои ботинки.
Употребление: those используют для нескольких далёких предметов.
5) The bag is near me. (dhə bag iz niar mi) = Сумка рядом со мной.
Употребление: near показывает расстояние.

Полезные замечания по употреблению:
- this и these — для близкого.
- that и those — для далёкого.
- this и that — для одного предмета.
- these и those — для нескольких предметов.
- В английском часто говорят коротко: This is..., That is..., These are..., Those are...

Частые ошибки:
- Не смешивайте единственное число и множественное число.
- Не используйте this с books или shoes.
- Не используйте these с bag или car.

Мини-практика:
Вставьте правильное слово:
1. ___ is my bag.
2. ___ are my books.
3. ___ is a car.
4. ___ are your shoes.
5. The bag is ___ me.

Подсказка для ответа:
Напишите ответы в комментарии так:
1. This
2. These
3. That
4. Those
5. near
Если хотите, можно добавить свои примеры: This is my bag. / Those are my books.

Reply tip: start your answer with [RU].

 

[Tutor ES]

Spanish Explanation

Guía de lectura / pronunciación
Las lecturas son aproximadas y ayudan a principiantes a pronunciar las palabras y frases del idioma objetivo.

Lectura de palabras
1. this — Lectura aproximada: dhis — Significado: esto
2. that — Lectura aproximada: dhat — Significado: eso
3. these — Lectura aproximada: dhiz — Significado: estos
4. those — Lectura aproximada: dhohz — Significado: esos
5. near — Lectura aproximada: niar — Significado: cerca

Lectura de frases
1. This is my bag.
- Lectura aproximada: dhis iz mai bag
- Significado: Esto es mi bolsa.
2. That is a car.
- Lectura aproximada: dhat iz a kar
- Significado: Eso es un coche.
3. These are my books.
- Lectura aproximada: dhiz ar mai buks
- Significado: Estos son mis libros.
4. Those are your shoes.
- Lectura aproximada: dhohz ar yor shuz
- Significado: Esos son tus zapatos.
5. The bag is near me.
- Lectura aproximada: dhə bag iz niar mi
- Significado: La bolsa está cerca de mí.

Resumen de la lección:
En esta mini lección de gramática aprendemos a hablar de distancia en inglés. Las palabras clave son this (dhis) = esto/este, that (dhat) = eso/ese, these (dhiz) = estos/estas, those (dhohz) = esos/esas, y near (niar) = cerca. Son palabras muy útiles para la vida diaria cuando señalamos objetos.

Explicación palabra por palabra:
- this (dhis) = esto / este, para una cosa cercana.
- that (dhat) = eso / ese, para una cosa más lejana.
- these (dhiz) = estos / estas, para varias cosas cercanas.
- those (dhohz) = esos / esas, para varias cosas lejanas.
- near (niar) = cerca.

Lectura / pronunciación aproximada:
- this = dhis
- that = dhat
- these = dhiz
- those = dhohz
- near = niar
La pronunciación es aproximada y pensada para principiantes.

Explicación frase por frase:
1) This is my bag. (dhis iz mai bag) = Esta es mi bolsa / Este es mi bolso.
Uso: this se usa para una cosa cercana.
2) That is a car. (dhat iz a kar) = Ese es un coche.
Uso: that se usa para una cosa más lejana.
3) These are my books. (dhiz ar mai buks) = Estos son mis libros.
Uso: these se usa con plural y cercanía.
4) Those are your shoes. (dhohz ar yor shuz) = Esos son tus zapatos.
Uso: those se usa con plural y lejanía.
5) The bag is near me. (dhə bag iz niar mi) = La bolsa está cerca de mí.
Uso: near describe la distancia.

Notas de uso natural:
- this y these se usan para cosas cercanas.
- that y those se usan para cosas lejanas.
- this y that son singulares.
- these y those son plurales.
- En inglés A1, estas frases cortas son muy comunes.

Errores comunes:
- No uses this con plural.
- No uses these con singular.
- near significa “cerca”, no “grande” ni “bueno”.

Instrucciones de práctica:
Completa con la palabra correcta:
1. ___ is my bag.
2. ___ are my books.
3. ___ is a car.
4. ___ are your shoes.
5. The bag is ___ me.

Guía para responder:
Escribe tus respuestas así:
1. This
2. These
3. That
4. Those
5. near
Si quieres, también puedes escribir tus propias frases: This is my bag. / Those are my books.

Reply tip: start your answer with [ES].

 

[Tutor DE]

German Explanation

Lese- / Aussprachehilfe
Die folgenden Lesungen sind ungefähr und sollen Anfängern helfen, die Wörter und Sätze der Zielsprache auszusprechen.

Wortlesungen
1. this — Ungefähre Lesung: dhis — Bedeutung: dies
2. that — Ungefähre Lesung: dhat — Bedeutung: das
3. these — Ungefähre Lesung: dhiz — Bedeutung: diese
4. those — Ungefähre Lesung: dhohz — Bedeutung: jene
5. near — Ungefähre Lesung: niar — Bedeutung: nah

Satzlesungen
1. This is my bag.
- Ungefähre Lesung: dhis iz mai bag
- Bedeutung: Das ist meine Tasche.
2. That is a car.
- Ungefähre Lesung: dhat iz a kar
- Bedeutung: Das ist ein Auto.
3. These are my books.
- Ungefähre Lesung: dhiz ar mai buks
- Bedeutung: Diese sind meine Bücher.
4. Those are your shoes.
- Ungefähre Lesung: dhohz ar yor shuz
- Bedeutung: Jene sind deine Schuhe.
5. The bag is near me.
- Ungefähre Lesung: dhə bag iz niar mi
- Bedeutung: Die Tasche ist nah bei mir.

Lernübersicht:
In dieser Mini-Grammatiklektion lernen wir, wie man im Englischen über Nähe und Entfernung spricht. Die wichtigen Wörter sind this (dhis) = dies/das hier, that (dhat) = das dort, these (dhiz) = diese hier, those (dhohz) = jene dort, und near (niar) = nah. Diese Wörter sind im Alltag sehr praktisch, wenn man auf Dinge zeigt.

Wort-für-Wort-Erklärung:
- this (dhis) = dies / das hier, für eine nahe Sache.
- that (dhat) = das dort, für eine weiter entfernte Sache.
- these (dhiz) = diese hier, für mehrere nahe Dinge.
- those (dhohz) = jene dort, für mehrere entfernte Dinge.
- near (niar) = nah.

Aussprache:
- this = dhis
- that = dhat
- these = dhiz
- those = dhohz
- near = niar
Die Aussprache ist ungefähr und für Anfänger gedacht.

Satz-für-Satz-Erklärung:
1) This is my bag. (dhis iz mai bag) = Das ist meine Tasche.
Verwendung: this benutzt man für eine Sache in der Nähe.
2) That is a car. (dhat iz a kar) = Das ist ein Auto dort.
Verwendung: that benutzt man für eine Sache weiter weg.
3) These are my books. (dhiz ar mai buks) = Das sind meine Bücher.
Verwendung: these benutzt man für mehrere nahe Dinge.
4) Those are your shoes. (dhohz ar yor shuz) = Das sind deine Schuhe dort.
Verwendung: those benutzt man für mehrere entfernte Dinge.
5) The bag is near me. (dhə bag iz niar mi) = Die Tasche ist nah bei mir.
Verwendung: near beschreibt die Entfernung.

Natürliche Gebrauchshinweise:
- this und these = nah.
- that und those = weiter weg.
- this und that = Singular.
- these und those = Plural.
- Im A1-Niveau sind kurze Sätze sehr wichtig.

Häufige Fehler:
- Verwende this nicht mit Plural.
- Verwende these nicht mit Singular.
- near bedeutet nah, nicht groß oder gut.

Mini-Übung:
Setze das richtige Wort ein:
1. ___ is my bag.
2. ___ are my books.
3. ___ is a car.
4. ___ are your shoes.
5. The bag is ___ me.

Antwort-Hinweis:
Schreibe deine Antworten so:
1. This
2. These
3. That
4. Those
5. near
Du kannst auch eigene Beispielsätze schreiben, zum Beispiel: This is my bag. / Those are my books.

Reply tip: start your answer with [DE].

 

[Tutor FR]

French Explanation

Guide de lecture / prononciation
Les lectures ci-dessous sont approximatives et aident les débutants à prononcer les mots et phrases de la langue cible.

Lecture des mots
1. this — Lecture approximative: dhis — Sens: ceci
2. that — Lecture approximative: dhat — Sens: cela
3. these — Lecture approximative: dhiz — Sens: ces
4. those — Lecture approximative: dhohz — Sens: ces-là
5. near — Lecture approximative: niar — Sens: près

Lecture des phrases
1. This is my bag.
- Lecture approximative: dhis iz mai bag
- Sens: Ceci est mon sac.
2. That is a car.
- Lecture approximative: dhat iz a kar
- Sens: Cela est une voiture.
3. These are my books.
- Lecture approximative: dhiz ar mai buks
- Sens: Ce sont mes livres.
4. Those are your shoes.
- Lecture approximative: dhohz ar yor shuz
- Sens: Ce sont tes chaussures.
5. The bag is near me.
- Lecture approximative: dhə bag iz niar mi
- Sens: Le sac est près de moi.

Résumé de la leçon :
Dans cette mini leçon de grammaire, nous apprenons à parler de la distance en anglais. Les mots importants sont this (dhis) = ceci / ce, that (dhat) = cela / ce, these (dhiz) = ces, those (dhohz) = ces-là, et near (niar) = près. Ces mots sont très utiles dans la vie quotidienne quand on montre des objets.

Explication mot par mot :
- this (dhis) = ceci / ce, pour une chose proche.
- that (dhat) = cela / ce, pour une chose plus éloignée.
- these (dhiz) = ces, pour plusieurs choses proches.
- those (dhohz) = ces-là, pour plusieurs choses éloignées.
- near (niar) = près.

Prononciation approximative :
- this = dhis
- that = dhat
- these = dhiz
- those = dhohz
- near = niar
La prononciation est approximative et adaptée aux débutants.

Explication phrase par phrase :
1) This is my bag. (dhis iz mai bag) = Ceci est mon sac.
Usage : this s’emploie pour une seule chose proche.
2) That is a car. (dhat iz a kar) = Cela est une voiture.
Usage : that s’emploie pour une seule chose plus loin.
3) These are my books. (dhiz ar mai buks) = Ce sont mes livres.
Usage : these s’emploie pour plusieurs choses proches.
4) Those are your shoes. (dhohz ar yor shuz) = Ce sont tes chaussures là-bas.
Usage : those s’emploie pour plusieurs choses éloignées.
5) The bag is near me. (dhə bag iz niar mi) = Le sac est près de moi.
Usage : near indique la distance.

Notes d’usage naturel :
- this et these = proche.
- that et those = loin.
- this et that = singulier.
- these et those = pluriel.
- En anglais A1, les phrases courtes sont les plus utiles.

Erreurs fréquentes :
- N’utilisez pas this avec un pluriel.
- N’utilisez pas these avec un singulier.
- near veut dire “près”, pas “bon” ni “grand”.

Mini entraînement :
Complétez avec le bon mot :
1. ___ is my bag.
2. ___ are my books.
3. ___ is a car.
4. ___ are your shoes.
5. The bag is ___ me.

Consigne pour répondre :
Écrivez vos réponses comme ceci :
1. This
2. These
3. That
4. Those
5. near
Vous pouvez aussi écrire vos propres phrases : This is my bag. / Those are my books.

Reply tip: start your answer with [FR].

 

[Tutor IT]

Italian Explanation

Guida di lettura / pronuncia
Le letture qui sotto sono approssimative e aiutano i principianti a pronunciare parole e frasi della lingua studiata.

Lettura delle parole
1. this — Lettura approssimativa: dhis — Significato: questo
2. that — Lettura approssimativa: dhat — Significato: quello
3. these — Lettura approssimativa: dhiz — Significato: questi
4. those — Lettura approssimativa: dhohz — Significato: quelli
5. near — Lettura approssimativa: niar — Significato: vicino

Lettura delle frasi
1. This is my bag.
- Lettura approssimativa: dhis iz mai bag
- Significato: Questo è la mia borsa.
2. That is a car.
- Lettura approssimativa: dhat iz a kar
- Significato: Quello è un'auto.
3. These are my books.
- Lettura approssimativa: dhiz ar mai buks
- Significato: Questi sono i miei libri.
4. Those are your shoes.
- Lettura approssimativa: dhohz ar yor shuz
- Significato: Quelli sono le tue scarpe.
5. The bag is near me.
- Lettura approssimativa: dhə bag iz niar mi
- Significato: La borsa è vicino a me.

Riassunto della lezione:
In questa mini lezione di grammatica impariamo a parlare della distanza in inglese. Le parole importanti sono this (dhis) = questo/questa, that (dhat) = quello/quella, these (dhiz) = questi/queste, those (dhohz) = quelli/quelle, e near (niar) = vicino. Queste parole sono molto utili nella vita quotidiana quando indichiamo gli oggetti.

Spiegazione parola per parola:
- this (dhis) = questo / questa, per una cosa vicina.
- that (dhat) = quello / quella, per una cosa più lontana.
- these (dhiz) = questi / queste, per più cose vicine.
- those (dhohz) = quelli / quelle, per più cose lontane.
- near (niar) = vicino.

Lettura / pronuncia:
- this = dhis
- that = dhat
- these = dhiz
- those = dhohz
- near = niar
La pronuncia è approssimativa e adatta ai principianti.

Spiegazione frase per frase:
1) This is my bag. (dhis iz mai bag) = Questo è la mia borsa.
Uso: this si usa per una cosa singola e vicina.
2) That is a car. (dhat iz a kar) = Quello è un’auto.
Uso: that si usa per una cosa singola e più lontana.
3) These are my books. (dhiz ar mai buks) = Questi sono i miei libri.
Uso: these si usa per più cose vicine.
4) Those are your shoes. (dhohz ar yor shuz) = Quelli sono le tue scarpe.
Uso: those si usa per più cose lontane.
5) The bag is near me. (dhə bag iz niar mi) = La borsa è vicino a me.
Uso: near indica la distanza.

Note d’uso naturali:
- this e these = vicino.
- that e those = lontano.
- this e that = singolare.
- these e those = plurale.
- In inglese A1, le frasi brevi sono molto comuni.

Errori comuni:
- Non usare this con il plurale.
- Non usare these con il singolare.
- near significa “vicino”, non “grande” o “buono”.

Mini pratica:
Completa con la parola giusta:
1. ___ is my bag.
2. ___ are my books.
3. ___ is a car.
4. ___ are your shoes.
5. The bag is ___ me.

Guida alla risposta:
Scrivi le risposte così:
1. This
2. These
3. That
4. Those
5. near
Se vuoi, puoi anche scrivere frasi tue: This is my bag. / Those are my books.

Reply tip: start your answer with [IT].